Links about Learning

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This page contains links which may prove to be useful for the Curriculum and Learning (MALT) and Teaching and Learning Process (PGCE/Cert Ed [PCE]) modules among others. It does not of course purport to be comprehensive, and some of the links are themselves pages of links. Your suggestions and annotations are of course very welcome: please email me with them (including notifying broken links).

As yet, the quality of net resources is nowhere near sound enough to act as a substitute for more conventional sources: there is very little published on the net which develops its argument with evidence and complexity. So regard this material as convenient and complementary to what you may get from the library (or even buy!) but not a substitute for it.  My own pages included here contain references to original sources.

Where appropriate, these links are (or will be when I get around to it) rated under two headings:

• Level refers roughly to academic level, in terms of the complexity with which ideas are discussed.

  	Basic � no academic pretensions at all
  	Assumes some level of prior knowledge, does not over-simplify
  	Usually an academic addressing her or his peers, no concessions
  	Page of further links

• Rating is even more subjective, but is primarily about reliability.

  	Useful for various reasons (pictures, perhaps), but not trustworthy on all counts (most commercial sites are in this category because they have axes to grind)
  	Arguable angles, perhaps, but sound
  	As definitive as it gets on the net
  	I have chickened out of rating my own pages!

  Note that by default links will open in a new browser window, which keeps this page available to return to.

Level

Rating

Study Skills

http://www.ukc.ac.uk/uelt/learning/resources/links.html
Links page from the University of Kent at Canterbury

The Subject Learner Teacher model

http://www.doceo.co.uk/tools/subtle_1.htm

Learning Theories 

Portals (further links)

http://staff.psy.gla.ac.uk/~steve/courses/level4.html

http://www.emtech.net/learning_theories.htm

General 

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http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/glolea.htm

http://www.learningandteaching.info/

http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/
802papers/mergel/brenda.htm
A graduate student's overview of learning theories

http://www.abacon.com/woodessentials/ch5.pdf (allow time to load)
General textbook survey of learning from a broadly behavioural standpoint

http://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsd/2_learntch/theories.html

http://www.funderstanding.com/about_learning.cfm

Motivation

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/motivation.htm

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/motivanx.htm

http://literacy.kent.edu/~nebraska/curric/ttim1/artsum2.html

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http://www.learnativity.com/motivation.html

Herzberg and Maslow are compared in an ERIC digest: http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/
content_storage_01/0000000b/80/2a/2b/98.pdf

The original Hebb article is here at: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Hebb/

There are excellent ERIC resources linked to from here (link too long to insert)

The Apter "reversal" model is discussed at http://reversaltheory.org/RT_TheoryMotiv.htm

The original (1943) Maslow article on motivation is available at: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm

Update on Maslow: http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow.html

Deep and Surface

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/deepsurf.htm

http://www.ped.gu.se/biorn/phgraph/welcome.html

Behavioural

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/behaviour.htm

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/figures_behaviourism.htm

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/behaviour_mod.htm

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/learned_helplessness.htm

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http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/a_a_learning.htm

http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/ col/behsys/behsys.html

http://www.psychology.org/links/
Environment_Behavior_Relationships/Learning/

http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html
biography of Pavlov

http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/Publications/Thinkers/
ThinkersPdf/skinnere.PDF on B F Skinner

 Gagne

http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/
development.htm#Gagne

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http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html

 Bandura

http://tip.psychology.org/bandura.html
Bandura's social learning theory

 Seligman

http://www.psych.upenn.edu/seligman/lh.htm
Seligman's learned helplessness home page.  

Memory

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/memory.htm

General discussion of models of memory: http://www.skepdic.com/memory.html

Episodic, Semantic and Procedural

Tulving on episodic memory: http://www.ihf.org/lecture/archive/tulving.html

Schemata

http://tip.psychology.org/schema.html

Limits of short-term memory

Gestalt

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http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/gestalt.htm

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/
news/2002/08/0808_020808_crow.html Most of the experiments on Gestalt problem-solving have been confined to higher primates�but here is a remarkable crow, with video to prove it!

Cognitive 

http://www.learningandteaching.info/ learning/cognitiv.htm

Learning Styles

http://members.shaw.ca/priscillatheroux/styles.html

http://granite.cyg.net/~jblackmo/ diglib/styl-a.html 

http://tip.psychology.org/styles.html
It may not look very exciting, but the "Theory into Practice" database is one of the most useful resources on the net, particularly for obscure learning theories!

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Based on Myers-Briggs: http://www.gsu.edu/~dschjb/wwwmbti.html

 Visual, aural etc.

http://www.vark-learn.com/english/index.asp
Plugging a particular approach, and requiring a critical stance, but well worth a look. 

 Serialist, holist

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/pask.htm

Gregorc
"Learning Styles Delineator"

http://library.thinkquest.org/C005704/
content_hwl_gls.php3?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0608
This is part of a much larger and very useful site called "The Learning Curve". Its only downside is that it does not cite original sources (although it does have a bibliography). What marks it out, however, is that it was built as a project by three students, aged 18, 15 and 15, from Canada, Estonia, and Taiwan!

http://www.br.cc.va.us/vcca/i11tayl.html

But see...

http://www.doceo.co.uk/heterodoxy/styles.htm

http://www.lsda.org.uk/files/PDF/1540.pdf for the Coffield report, which not only rubbishes most of the above, but also suggests the whole enterprise is pernicious!

with shorter articles based on it, at

• http://www.wired-gov.net/WGLaunch.aspx?ARTCL=24449
• http://www.lsda.org.uk/files/PDF/Unplearnstylespost16.pdf

Constructivism

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/constructivism.htm

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An approach (albeit a little mechanistic) to constructivist learning design: http://www.prainbow.com/cld/cldp.html

http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/constructivism.html
Links and readings on constructivism

http://www.emtech.net/construc.htm
Links relating constructivism and "instructivism" models

Vygotsky

http://www.kolar.org/vygotsky/
Links for Vygotsky and social constructivism

Ausubel

http://www.learningandteaching.info/teaching/advance_organisers.htm

On Ausubel's and others' ideas of linking to prior experience: http://ericit.org/digests/EDO-IR-1997-05.shtml

Bateson on Learning how to Learn

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/learnlea.htm

Aptitude and Ability

"Intelligence"

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/intellig.htm

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http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/multiple.htm

The original article by Binet (1905) New Methods for the Diagnosis of the Intellectual Level of Subnormals (translated): http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Binet/binet1.htm

Uncommonly Difficult IQ Tests: http://www.eskimo.com/~miyaguch/hoeflin.html

What Makes a Good Intelligence Test?  http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch08/what.mhtml

Emotions and Emotional Intelligence:   http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/gallery/young/emotion.htm

Test Information - Online: http://www.hr-guide.com/data/G374.htm

Free Downloadable Materials: http://alpha.fdu.edu/psychology/free_downloadable_materials.htm

Seven Intelligences Checklist: http://www.mitest.com/o7inte~1.htm  

Learning from experience

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experien.htm

http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-explrn.htm

http://www.reviewing.co.uk/research/experiential.learning.htm

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http://learningfromexperience.com/
This is David Kolb's (and associates') own site, so it is the definitive source

The application of Kolb's learning style theory in higher education teaching : http://www.chelt.ac.uk/el/philg/gdn/discuss/kolb2.htm

Humanistic

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/humanist.htm

http://www.infed.org/biblio/learning-humanistic.htm

http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~tip/rogers.html

http://odin.indstate.edu/level1.dir/adultlrn.html
Links and bibliography: adult (rather than post-16) education focus

Rogers

http://tip.psychology.org/rogers.html

http://www.infed.org.uk/thinkers/et-rogers.htm

http://www.onepine.demon.co.uk/proger.htm

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http://www.duq.edu/~tomei/ed711psy/h_rogers.htm

Freire

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm

http://www.freire.org/pfreire.html

http://nlu.nl.edu/ace/Resources/Documents/FreireIssues.html

http://wwwvms.utexas.edu/~possible/freire.html

http://nlu.nl.edu/ace/Resources/Documents/Facundo.html

Mezirow

http://adulted.about.com/library/weekly/aa011500b.htm

http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed423426.html

http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed448305.html

http://ericacve.org/mp_taylor_01.asp

http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97taylor1.htm

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http://www.inspiredinside.com/learning/Construct/1-warmup.htm

http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/critical1.htm

http://www.fsu.edu/~adult-ed/jenny/learning.html

Ivan Illich

http://www.preservenet.com/theory/Illich.html

http://philosophy.la.psu.edu/illich/deschool/intro.html The complete text of "De-Schooling Society" on-line

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-illic.htm

http://www.coforum.de/index.php4?Ivan_Illich (New York Times obituary, 2 December 2002)

http://www.arasite.org/nsamps2.htm Illich and Freire discussed

Adult learning

Roger Hiemstra's excellent site:
http://home.twcny.rr.com/hiemstra/distancenew.html

Knowles' andragogy

http://www.nl.edu/ace/Resources/Knowles.html
Tells you more about Knowles than you really wanted to know 

NIACE Homepage
NIACE (The National Organisation for Adult Learning) is the leading non-governmental organisation for adult learning in England and Wales. http://www.niace.org.uk/

30 THINGS WE KNOW FOR SURE ABOUT ADULT LEARNING
By Ron and Susan Zemke Innovation Abstracts Vol VI, No 8, March 9, 1984
http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/
guidebk/teachtip/adults-3.htm

Adult Learning Theory http://www.cln.org/inservice/itpd/alearn.html  

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Adult Learning Theory: A Resource Guide
Indiana State University Library  http://odin.indstate.edu/level1.dir/adultlrn.html

Brookfield: Adult Learning  
http://nlu.nl.edu/ace/Resources/Documents/AdultLearning.html

http://adulted.about.com/cs/learningtheory/ 

http://web.uccs.edu/bgaddis/leadership/topicfocus2D1.htm

http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cv/wedc/publications/iddlid/
02-learning-and-education.pdf Overview of learning theories for adult education (Acrobat donwload)

Situated learning

 http://ics.soe.umich.edu/~djscott/situated.html

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http://www.ericacve.org/docs/situated195.htm

Limitations of theory-driven approaches

 http://dragon.ep.usm.edu/~int/dangers.html
An on-line paper: feel free to disagree 

Action Learning

http://www.ericacve.org/docs/pab00009.htm

http://www.it.bton.ac.uk/staff/rng/teaching/IS307/ALbookmarks.html

Problem-based learning

http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/ched/courses/
GCHE/hed5002/hed5002_sig/pblearning.html
includes links 

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http://www.samford.edu/pbl/what3.html

http://www.samford.edu/pbl/how2.html#On-Line Articles

http://www.csd.uwa.edu.au/altmodes/to_delivery/
problem-based_learning.html

http://cleo.eng.monash.edu.au/teaching/pbl-list

http://www.udel.edu/pbl/problems/: includes several PBL scenarios

Co-operative Learning

http://www.clcrc.com/pages/cl-methods.html

Concept and Mind-mapping

http://www.graphic.org/concept.html
Commercial site selling software, but useful examples and links

http://users.edte.utwente.nl/lanzing/cm_home.htm 
Concept and mind-mapping home page with links (some out of date)

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http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/conmap.htm with clear directions

http://www.coun.uvic.ca/learn/program/hndouts/map_ho.html 
Study skills advice perspective

Resource-Based Learning

Costs

http://www.ncl.ac.uk/ncihe/a2_001.htm
Appendix to Dearing report, based in part on evidence from DMU staff 

Dearing recommendations

http://www.lifelonglearning.co.uk/dearing/dr7006.htm

Reasons for employment

http://www.lgu.ac.uk/deliberations/rbl/brown.html

Useful portal

http://jac.sbs.ohio-state.edu/cable/pedagogy/

http://www.sh.plymouth.ac.uk/eds/elt/session3/session3.htm

http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/cs/Stephen_Bostock/
keywords/education.html
Stephen Bostock's links to resources on education and learning with a learning technology slant

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http://www.sh.plymouth.ac.uk/eds/elt/session3/session3.htm

 Learning Technologies effectiveness

A HEFCE/Jisc Funded Project report A Framework for Pedagogical Evaluation of Virtual Learning Environments is available at: http://www.jtap.ac.uk/reports/htm/jtap-041.html
This provides a discussion of many issues related to virtual learning environments and some of the software used. 

The Computer Based Collaborative Group Work project:
http://collaborate.shef.ac.uk/
from the University of Sheffield provides a bibliography & links to many related studies in the area.

 A negative slant which looked at students experiences can be found at: http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue4_12/hara/index.html

Reflection

Donald Schon (Sch�n): learning, reflection and change
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-schon.htm 

http://www.itslifejimbutnotasweknowit.org.uk/Bib_145.htm

An ever-so-slightly sceptical view.
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/reflecti.htm 

Teaching advice

http://www.users.bigpond.com/handbook/
A Handbook for Teachers in Universities & Colleges: A guide to improving teaching methods by Robert Cannon & David Newble 

http://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsd/2_learntch/2_learnt.html
Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development: learning and teaching resources

http://coalition.tamu.edu/eapo/classinvo8.html
Resources for Innovative Teaching (largely links)

http://www.learningandteaching.info/teaching/

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